Reading proficiency underpins all learning. Preservice preparation that systematically and explicitly addresses the five essential components of effective reading instruction ensures that teachers will enter the classroom ready to teach children how to read.
Reading proficiency underpins all learning. Preservice preparation that systematically and explicitly addresses the five essential components of effective reading instruction ensures that teachers will enter the classroom ready to teach children how to read.
More than a third of American children cannot read by the 4th grade. The National Institutes of Health has demonstrated that this unacceptable rate of failure, which disproportionately harms students of color, can be reduced to less than 1 in 10 when teachers utilize the five essential components of effective reading instruction: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. This standard provides feedback on the degree to which teacher prep programs provide instruction and practice on those approaches.
of programs provide
sufficient early reading
coverage
This data does not include alternative certification programs.
Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
Number of programs by grade:
State | A | B | C | D | F | Program Count |
Alabama | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 19 |
Alaska | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Arizona | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
Arkansas | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 13 |
California | 20 | 6 | 10 | 15 | 13 | 64 |
Colorado | 6 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 16 |
Connecticut | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
Delaware | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
District of Columbia | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
Florida | 19 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 29 |
Georgia | 6 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 31 |
Hawaii | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
Idaho | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
Illinois | 5 | 13 | 7 | 15 | 4 | 44 |
Indiana | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 29 |
Iowa | 3 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 21 |
Kansas | 5 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 16 |
Kentucky | 5 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 22 |
Louisiana | 9 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 15 |
Maine | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 8 |
Maryland | 6 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 20 |
Massachusetts | 8 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 30 |
Michigan | 3 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 24 |
Minnesota | 6 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 21 |
Mississippi | 8 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
Missouri | 2 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 3 | 29 |
Montana | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
Nebraska | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 13 |
Nevada | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
New Hampshire | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
New Jersey | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 20 |
New Mexico | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 8 |
New York | 9 | 16 | 5 | 23 | 23 | 76 |
North Carolina | 16 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 34 |
North Dakota | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 8 |
Ohio | 14 | 19 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 46 |
Oklahoma | 8 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 |
Oregon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 14 |
Pennsylvania | 16 | 24 | 8 | 15 | 4 | 67 |
Rhode Island | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
South Carolina | 4 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 20 |
South Dakota | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
Tennessee | 10 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 32 |
Texas | 17 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 11 | 57 |
Utah | 6 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10 |
Vermont | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Virginia | 6 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 26 |
Washington | 2 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 20 |
West Virginia | 5 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 12 |
Wisconsin | 8 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 23 |
Wyoming | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
This data does not include alternative certification programs.
Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
Number of programs passing:
State | PA | Ph | Fl | Vo | Co | Prog Cnt |
Alabama | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 19 |
Alaska | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Arizona | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
Arkansas | 11 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
California | 33 | 39 | 27 | 37 | 47 | 64 |
Colorado | 6 | 14 | 7 | 11 | 14 | 16 |
Connecticut | 4 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 12 |
Delaware | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
District of Columbia | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
Florida | 23 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 29 | 29 |
Georgia | 14 | 17 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 31 |
Hawaii | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 |
Idaho | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 |
Illinois | 14 | 28 | 21 | 30 | 37 | 44 |
Indiana | 18 | 22 | 15 | 20 | 22 | 29 |
Iowa | 9 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 21 |
Kansas | 8 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 16 |
Kentucky | 9 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 22 |
Louisiana | 12 | 13 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 15 |
Maine | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 8 |
Maryland | 12 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 20 |
Massachusetts | 13 | 17 | 15 | 23 | 21 | 30 |
Michigan | 7 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 20 | 24 |
Minnesota | 14 | 17 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 21 |
Mississippi | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
Missouri | 11 | 16 | 10 | 17 | 23 | 29 |
Montana | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 |
Nebraska | 5 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 13 |
Nevada | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
New Hampshire | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
New Jersey | 2 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 13 | 20 |
New Mexico | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 8 |
New York | 28 | 32 | 22 | 38 | 44 | 76 |
North Carolina | 24 | 29 | 21 | 27 | 27 | 34 |
North Dakota | 4 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 8 |
Ohio | 34 | 41 | 28 | 34 | 37 | 46 |
Oklahoma | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 15 |
Oregon | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 14 |
Pennsylvania | 41 | 49 | 39 | 54 | 56 | 67 |
Rhode Island | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
South Carolina | 8 | 11 | 8 | 13 | 13 | 20 |
South Dakota | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 9 |
Tennessee | 16 | 21 | 18 | 22 | 28 | 32 |
Texas | 35 | 43 | 32 | 40 | 41 | 57 |
Utah | 8 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 |
Vermont | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
Virginia | 13 | 18 | 15 | 16 | 22 | 26 |
Washington | 6 | 11 | 5 | 7 | 15 | 20 |
West Virginia | 7 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 |
Wisconsin | 13 | 20 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 23 |
Wyoming | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |