Academic Requirements: Nebraska

Early Childhood Preparation Policy

Look at National Findings

Goal

The state should ensure that early childhood candidates meet appropriate academic requirements. This goal was new in 2017 and was not graded.

Suggested Citation:
National Council on Teacher Quality. (2017). Academic Requirements: Nebraska results. State Teacher Policy Database. [Data set].
Retrieved from: https://www.nctq.org/yearbook/state/NE-Academic-Requirements-83

Analysis of Nebraska's policies

Academic Requirements: Nebraska requires candidates who are adding the early childhood endorsement to an existing K-6 license to complete "a minimum of 18 semester hours of coursework specific to early childhood education that address preschool and kindergarten."

The early childhood inclusive license requires "a minimum of 51 semester hours, including 39 semester hours of coursework in Early Childhood Education and Early Childhood Special Education for children birth through grade 3, and 12 additional semester hours of coursework in one area of concentration, either birth through kindergarten or age 3 through grade 3."

Candidates for either endorsement or license are required to pass the appropriate subject-matter assessments.

Recommendations for Nebraska

Require preschool teaching candidates to earn a bachelor's degree.
Teaching preschool is as important and complex as teaching K-12 classes; therefore, Nebraska should require a bachelor's degree for all preschool teachers. Doing so would result in greater consistency between the preschool and K-12 workforces. It would help ensure that preschool teachers can benefit from a foundation in liberal arts coursework that provides a firm grounding in a range of content, much like elementary teachers need.

State response to our analysis

Nebraska recognized the factual accuracy of this analysis and provided that it continues to disagree with NCTQ's analysis that does not recognize Nebraska's Guidelines to which all institutions are held accountable. The state further provided that based on the NCTQ standard, the criteria used, and the standards for acceptable documentation, Nebraska concedes that the analysis is factually accurate. The state also indicated that more information would be found in the Guidelines, which are not subject to NCTQ's review.

Updated: December 2017

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Research rationale

The available research finds mixed results on whether having at least a bachelor's degree makes preschool teachers more effective.^{^[1]} However, these conflicting results may be more indicative of the fact that current training programs that certify teachers to teach preschool (and often cover a wide span of elementary grades as well) pay too little attention to the requirements for teaching preschool. Despite the inconclusive research, the National Academies of Sciences, the National Institute for Early Education Research, and a number of other organizations support requiring at least a bachelor's degree for preschool teachers for several reasons.^{^[2]} These reasons include that teaching preschool should be considered a career as important and complex as teaching K-12 classes, and so this role is deserving of the same educational requirements; this degree requirement would create greater consistency between the preschool and K-12 workforces; and preschool teachers would benefit from a foundation in liberal arts coursework that gives them a firm grounding in a range of content that they will teach, much like what elementary teachers need.

However, to make a training program meaningful, it needs to be narrowly targeted to the early childhood grades. As the grade span of a teaching certification broadens, training programs are less likely to provide the specific emergent literacy and oral language skills that preschool teachers need.^{^[3]} To support this focus and to make training for teachers more meaningful, the state should require that preschool teachers have a specialization in early childhood (rather than, for example, a bachelor's degree in K-6 teaching), or can demonstrate that they have the knowledge needed to teach early childhood.

^{^[1]} For example, research in support of requiring at least a bachelor's degree concluded that "the education levels of preschool teachers and specialized training in early childhood education predict teaching quality and children's learning and development." See: Barnett, W.S. (2003). Better teachers, better preschools: Student achievement linked to teacher qualifications. Preschool Policy Matters, 2, 1-12; In contrast, a 2007 review of seven preschool studies found contradictory relationships between teachers' level of education and child outcomes. See: Early, D. M., Maxwell, K. L., Burchinal, M., Alva, S., Bender, R. H., Bryant, D., ... & Zill, N. (2007). Teachers' education, classroom quality, and young children's academic skills: Results from seven studies of preschool programs. Child Development, 78(2), 558-580. Other research has found moderate differences in the instructional content of teacher preparation programs at different degree levels. See: Buettner, C. K., Hur, E. H., Jeon, L., & Andrews, D. W. (2016). What are we teaching the teachers? Child development curricula in U.S. higher education. Child & Youth Care Forum, 45(1), 155-175; Maxwell, K. L., Lim, C-I., & Early, D. M. (2006). Early childhood teacher preparation programs in the United States: National report. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, FPG Child Development Institute. Retrieved from http://fpg.unc.edu/node/5247; Bornfreund, L. A. (2011). Getting in sync: Revamping licensing and preparation for teachers in pre-k, kindergarten, and the early grades. Washington, DC: The New America Foundation. Retrieved from http://fcd-us.org/resources/getting-sync-revamping-preparation-teacherspre-k-kindergarten-and-early-grades; Whitebook, M., & Austin, L. J. E. (2015). Early childhood higher education: Taking stock across the states. Berkeley, CA: Center for the Study of Child Care Employment, Institute of Research on Labor and Employment, University of California. Retrieved from http://www.irle.berkeley.edu/cscce/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Cross-state-Brief-Final.pdf
^{^[2]}Institute of Medicine, National Research Council. (2015). Transforming the workforce for children birth through age 8: A unifying foundation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu/catalog/19401/transforming-the-workforce-for-children-birth-through-age-8-a; Barnett, W. S., Carolan, M. E., Squires, J. H., Clarke Brown, K., & Horowitz, M. (2015). The state of preschool 2015: State preschool yearbook. New Brunswick, NJ: National Institute for Early Education Research.
^{^[3]}Putman, H., Moorer, A., & Walsh, K. (2016). Some assembly required: Piecing together the preparation preschool teachers need. Washington, DC: National Council on Teacher Quality. Retrieved from: http://www.nctq.org/dmsStage/Preschool

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