Part-Time Teaching Licenses: Washington
Expanding the Pool of Teachers Policy
Analysis of Washington's policies
Washington offers a Conditional Certificate license with
minimal requirements; it appears that individuals under this license can be hired by a district either part time or full time.
A candidate for a Conditional Certificate must be
"highly qualified and experienced in the subject matter to be taught and
has unusual distinction or exceptional talent demonstrated through public
records of accomplishments and/or awards."
The state does not provide additional guidelines for obtaining a Conditional
Certificate.
Recommendations for Washington
Offer a license that allows content experts to serve as part-time
instructors.
It is unclear whether the Conditional Certificate serves as a vehicle for
individuals with deep subject-area knowledge to teach a limited number of
courses without fulfilling a complete set of certification requirements. It
appears that this may be the intent of the license; however, state policy does
not describe the conditions of employment, including the requirements that candidates must fulfill.
Require applicants to pass a subject-matter test.
Although this license is designed to enable distinguished individuals to teach,
Washington should still require a subject-matter test. While
documentation provided by the applicant may show evidence of expertise in a
particular field, only a subject-matter test ensures that Conditional
Certificate teachers know the specific content they will need to teach.
State response to our analysis
Washington was helpful in providing NCTQ with facts that enhanced this analysis.
Washington commented that districts apply for a conditional certificate on behalf of the applicant they wish to hire, whether full time or part time. Districts are allowed a lot of discretion for why they are hiring the individual. In addition, the person on the conditional certificate must be provided a “plan of support” developed by the district that is appropriate to his or her assignment, and he or she must complete a specified number of credit/clock hours within a given time frame.
The state added that NCTQ is correct that passage of a content test is not required. This is mostly because of the relationship with current federal highly qualified (HQ) requirements. To be HQ, the individual either has to pass the content test or be enrolled in an alternative route program, for which admission requires successful passage of a content test.
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Washington
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Delivering Well Prepared Teachers
- Admission into Teacher Preparation
- Elementary Teacher Preparation
- Elementary Teacher Preparation in Reading Instruction
- Elementary Teacher Preparation in Mathematics
- Early Childhood
- Middle School Teacher Preparation
- Secondary Teacher Preparation
- Secondary Teacher Preparation in Science and Social Studies
- Special Education Teacher Preparation
- Special Education Preparation in Reading
- Assessing Professional Knowledge
- Student Teaching
- Teacher Preparation Program Accountability
Expanding the Pool of Teachers
Identifying Effective Teachers
- State Data Systems
- Evaluation of Effectiveness
- Frequency of Evaluations
- Tenure
- Licensure Advancement
- Equitable Distribution
Retaining Effective Teachers
Exiting Ineffective Teachers
Pensions
Research rationale
Part-time licenses
can help alleviate severe shortages, especially in STEM subjects.
Some of the subject areas in which states face the greatest
teacher shortages are also areas that require the deepest subject-matter
expertise. Staffing shortages are
further exacerbated because schools or districts may not have high enough
enrollments to necessitate full-time positions.
Part-time licenses can be a creative mechanism to get content experts to
teach a limited number of courses. Of
course, a fully licensed teacher is best, but when that isn't an option, a
part-time license allows students to benefit from content experts—individuals
who are not interested in a full-time teaching position and are thus unlikely to
pursue traditional or alternative certification. States should limit requirements for part-time licenses to
those that verify subject-matter knowledge and address public safety, such as
background checks.
Part-Time Teaching Licenses: Supporting Research
The origin of this goal is the effort to find
creative solutions to the STEM crisis. While teaching waivers are not typically
used this way, teaching waivers could be used to allow competent
professionals from outside of education to be hired as part-time instructors to
teach courses such as Advanced Placement chemistry or calculus as long as the
instructor demonstrates content knowledge on a rigorous test. See NCTQ, "Tackling the STEM Crisis: Five steps your state can take to improve the quality and quantity of its K-12 math and science teachers", at: http://www.nctq.org/p/docs/nctq_nmsi_stem_initiative.pdf.
For
the importance of teachers' general academic ability, see R. Ferguson,
"Paying for Public Education: New Evidence on How and Why Money
Matters," Harvard Journal on Legislation,Volume 28, Summer 1991, pp. 465-498.
For
more on math and science content knowledge, see D. Monk, "Subject Area Preparation of Secondary Mathematics and Science Teachers and Student Achievement," Economics of Education Review, Volume 13, No. 2, June 1994, pp. 125-145; R. Murnane, "Understanding the Sources of Teaching Competence: Choices, Skills, and the Limits of Training," Teachers
College Record, Volume 84, No. 3, 1983, pp. 564-569.